CHAPTER ELEVEN
VIŚVARŪPA-DARŚANA-YOGA
THE COSMIC FORM
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VERSES 1-4: ARJUNA’S REQUEST TO SEE KṚṢṆA’S COSMIC FORM
11.1
Arjuna says:
Out of compassion for Me, You have revealed the most profound mysteries; this spiritual knowledge has completely removed my delusion.
śrī arjuna uvāca
mad-anugrahāya paramaṁ guhyam adhyātma saṁjñitam |
yat tvayoktaṁ vacas tena moho ‘yaṁ vigato mama || 1 ||
11.2
O Kṛṣṇa, I have heard in great detail about the beginning and end of all beings, as well as Your inexhaustible glory.
bhavāpyayau hi bhūtānāṁ śrutau vistaraśo mayā |
tvattaḥ kamala-patrākṣa mahātmyam api cāvyayam || 2 ||
11.3
O Supreme Lord, I know You are everything You have described Yourself to be. Now I actually long to see that glorious form of Yours, O Supreme Person.
evam etad yathāttha tvam-ātmānaṁ parameśvara |
draṣṭum icchāmi te rūpam aiśvaraṁ puruṣottama || 3 ||
11.4
O Lord, if you believe it is possible, then reveal Yourself completely to me, show me Your unlimited universal Self, O Lord of yoga.
manyase yadi tacchakyaṁ mayā draṣṭum iti prabho |
yogeśvara tato me tvaṁ darśayāmānam avyayam || 4 ||
VERSES 5-8: ARJUNA IS GIVEN DIVINE VISION
11.5
Lord Kṛṣṇa says:
Behold Arjuna, there are hundreds and thousands of My divine forms, of different shapes, colours and sizes.
śrī bhagavān uvāca
paśya me pārtha rūpāṇi śataśo’tha sahasraśaḥ |
nānā vidhāni divyāni nānā varṇā kṛtīni ca || 5 ||
11.6
Arjuna, see the Ādityas, the Vasus, the Rudras, the two Aśvin-kumāras and the Maruts. Behold the many wondrous things which have never before been seen.
paśyādityān vasūn rudrān aśvinau marutas tathā |
bahūny-adṛṣṭa-pūrvāṇi paśyāścaryāṇi bhārata || 6 ||
11.7
See Arjuna, the whole universe with all the movable and non-moveable things, and indeed whatever else you wish to see, all existing in one place within My body.
ihaikasthaṁ jagat kṛtsnaṁ paśyādya sacarācaram |
mama dehe guḍākeśa yac cānyad draṣṭum icchasi || 7 ||
11.8
But you will not be able to see this with your physical eyes. Therefore, I give you divine eyes. Behold My mystic power.
na tu māṁ śakyase draṣṭum anenaiva sva-cakṣuṣā |
divyaṁ dadāmi te cakṣuḥ paśya me yogam aiśvaram || 8 ||
VERSES 9-14: THE COSMIC FORM OF KṚṢṆA REVEALED
11.9
Sañjaya says:
Having spoken thus O king, Śrī Kṛṣṇa, the great Lord of yoga, then revealed to Arjuna His supreme cosmic form.
sañjaya uvāca
evam uktvā tato rājan mahāyogeśvaro hariḥ |
darśayāmāsa pārthāya paramaṁ rūpam aiśvaram || 9 ||
11.10
There were innumerable mouths and eyes and many other astonishing features. There were numerous divine ornaments and scores of divine weapons held aloft.
aneka vaktra nayanam anekādbhuta darśanam |
aneka divyābharaṇaṁ divyānekodyatāyudham || 10 ||
11.11
He wore celestial garlands and garments, and He was anointed with divine perfumes. Facing all directions, He was full of wonders, resplendent and limitless.
divya mālyāmbaradharaṁ divya gandhānulepanam |
sarvāścaryam ayaṁ devam anantaṁ viśvato-mukham || 11 ||
11.12
If a thousand suns, each with blazing effulgence, were to rise all at once in the sky, perhaps that magnificence might be something like the radiance of that Supreme Being.
divi sūrya sahasrasya bhaved yugapad utthitā |
yadi bhāḥ sadṛśī sā syād bhāsas tasya mahātmanaḥ || 12 ||
11.13
In that cosmic form, Arjuna saw the entire universe with all its divisions situated in one place, all within the body of the God of gods.
tatraikasthaṁ jagat kṛtsnaṁ pravibhaktam enekadhā |
apaśyad deva-Devasya śarīre pāṇḍavas tadā || 13 ||
11.14
Then Arjuna, overcome with amazement, his hair standing on end, bowed his head to the Lord, and with palms pressed together, began to speak.
tataḥ sa vismayāviṣṭo hṛṣṭa-romā dhanañjayaḥ |
praṇamya śirasā devaṁ kṛtāñjalir abhāṣata || 14 ||
VERSES 15-31: ARJUNA DESCRIBES THE LORD’S FORM
11.15
Arjuna says:
I see, O Lord, in Your body all the gods and the whole host of living beings. There is Brahmā sitting on a lotus, Śiva, the sages and the celestial serpents.
arjuna uvāca
paśyāmi devāṁs tava deva dehe
sarvāṁs tathā bhūta viśeṣa saṅghān |
brahmāṇam īśaṁ kamalāsanastham
ṛṣiṁśca sarvān uragāṁśca divyān || 15 ||
11.16
With Your innumerable arms, torsos, mouths and eyes, I see Your infinite form on all sides. There is no end, middle or beginning to You, for You are the Lord of the universe, and the universe is Your body.
aneka bāhūdara vaktra netraṁ paśyāmi tvāṁ sarvato’nanta rūpam |
nāntaṁ na madhyaṁ na punastavādiṁ paśyāmi viśveśvara viśvarūpa || 16 ||
11.17
I behold You with crown, mace and discus. Your blazing effulgence radiates in all directions. Even though You are everywhere, You are hard to look at, for Your brilliance is immeasurable like a burning fire or the sun.
kirīṭinaṁ gadinaṁ cakriṇaṁ ca tejorāśiṁ sarvato dīptimantam |
paśyāmi tvāṁ durnirīkṣyaṁ samantād dīptānalārka-dyutim aprameyam || 17 ||
11.18
You are the Imperishable, Supreme One to be realised. You are the Supreme Abode of this universe. You are unchanging; the Guardian of the Eternal Law, I know You are the eternal Supreme Being.
tvam akṣaraṁ paramaṁ veditavyaṁ tvam-asya viśvasya paraṁ nidhānam |
tvam-avyayaḥ śāśvata dharma goptā sanātanas tvaṁ puruṣo mato me || 18 ||
11.19
I see You without beginning, middle and end. Your creative power is infinite. You have countless arms, the Sun and Moon are Your eyes. Your mouth is blazing with fire, searing the entire universe with Your radiance.
anādi madhyāntam ananta-vīryam ananta bāhuṁ śaśi-sūrya netram |
paśyami tvāṁ dīpta hutāśa vaktraṁ sva-tejasā viśvam idaṁ tapantam || 19 ||
11.20
The space between Heaven and Earth, and all the directions, are filled by You alone. Beholding Your awesome, yet terrible form, O Kṛṣṇa, the three worlds are trembling.
dyāvāpṛthivyor idam antaraṁ hi vyāptaṁ tvayaikena diśaśca sarvāḥ |
dṛṣṭvādbhutaṁ rūpam idaṁ tavograṁ loka trayaṁ pravyathitaṁ mahātman || 20 ||
11.21
The demigods are entering into You, and some out of fear pray to You with palms joined. The different sages and perfected beings cry out, ‘Hail to You!’, as they glorify You with Vedic hymns and words of praise.
amī hi tvāṁ surasaṅghā viśanti kecid bhītāḥ prāñjalayo gṛṇanti |
svastītyuktvā maharṣi siddha-saṅghāḥ stuvanti tvāṁ stutibhiḥ puṣkalābhiḥ || 21 ||
11.22
The Rudras, the Ādityas, the Vasus, the Sādhyas, the ViśvaDevas, the Aśvin-kumāras, the Maruts, the ancestors, and the hosts of Gandharvas, Yakṣas, Asuras, and Siddhas — all gaze upon You in amazement.
rudrādityā vasavo ye ca sādhyā viśve’śvinau marutaścoṣmapāśca |
gandharva yakṣāsura siddha-saṅghā vīkṣante tvāṁ vismitāścaiva sarve || 22 ||
11.23
Your great form has many faces and eyes; there are many arms, thighs, feet. It has many bellies and dreadful fangs. O Kṛṣṇa, beholding this form, all beings are terrified including myself.
rūpaṁ mahatte bahu vaktra netraṁ mahābāho bahu-bāhūru-pādam |
bahūdaraṁ bahu daṁṣṭrā-karālaṁ dṛṣṭvā lokāḥ pravyathitās tathāham || 23 ||
11.24
O Kṛṣṇa, on seeing You radiant and multi-coloured, touching the highest Heaven, with Your gaping mouths and huge glaring eyes, I am shaken to the core. I have lost all composure and peace.
nabhaḥ-spṛśaṁ dīptam aneka varṇaṁ vyāttānanaṁ dīpta viśāla-netram |
dṛṣṭvā hi tvāṁ pravyathitāntarātmā dhṛtiṁ na vindāmi śamaṁ ca viṣṇo || 24 ||
11.25
Seeing Your mouths and awesome teeth, which are like the flames of cosmic destruction, I am completely disorientated and confused. Have mercy on me, O Lord of the Devas! O Abode of the universe!
daṁṣṭrā-karālāni ca te mukhāni dṛṣṭvaiva kālānala sannibhāni |
diśo na jāne na labheca śarma prasīda deveśa jagannivāsa || 25 ||
11.26
All the sons of Dhṛtarāṣṭra, the other kings, Bhīṣma, Droṇa and Karṇa, along with the leading warriors of our side;
amī ca tvaṁ dhṛtarāṣṭrasya putrāḥ sarve sahaivāvanipāla saṅghaiḥ |
bhīṣmo droṇaḥ sūta-putras tathāsau sahāsmadīyairapi yodha-mukhyaiḥ || 26 ||
11.27
All are rushing into Your fearsome mouths with terrible fangs. Some are even caught between Your teeth and are having their heads crushed.
vaktrāṇi te tvaramāṇā viśanti daṁṣṭrā-karālāni bhayānakāni |
kecid vilagnā daśanāntareṣu saṅdṛśyante cūrṇitair-uttamāṅgaiḥ || 27 ||
11.28
As the many rivers rush towards the ocean, so do these heroes of the world enter Your blazing mouths.
yathā nadīnāṁ bahavo’mbuvegāḥ samudram evābhimukhā dravanti |
tathā tavāmī naraloka vīrā viśanti vaktrāṇyabhito vijvalanti || 28 ||
11.29
As moths rush irresistibly into a blazing fire, so too do people of the world madly rush into Your mouths to meet their destruction.
yathā pradīptaṁ jvalanaṁ pataṅgā viśanti nāśāya samṛddha-vegāḥ |
tathaiva nāśāya viśanti lokās tavāpi vaktrāṇi samṛddha-vegāḥ || 29 ||
11.30
O Viṣṇu! Devouring all the worlds on every side, You lick them up with Your flaming mouths. Your brilliant rays scorch the whole universe, filling it with their radiance.
lelihyase grasamānaḥ samantāl lokān samagrān vadanair jvaladbhiḥ |
tejobhir āpūrya jagat samagraṁ bhāsas tavogrāḥ pratapanti viṣṇo || 30 ||
11.31
O Lord, with this fearsome form. Tell me who You are! Salutations to You, O Supreme God. Be merciful, You are the Original Person and I desire to know You. I cannot comprehend Your actions.
ākhyāhi me ko bhavān-ugra-rūpo namo’stu te deva-vara prasīda |
vijñātum icchāmi bhavantam-ādyaṁ na hi prajānāmi tava pravṛttim || 31 ||
VERSES 32-34: KṚṢṆA IS TIME, THE GREAT DESTROYER
11.32
Lord Kṛṣṇa says:
I am Time, the mighty force which brings destruction to the world. I have manifested to destroy all these worlds. Even without you, none of the warriors gathered here for battle shall survive.
śrī bhagavān uvāca
kālo’smi loka-kṣaya-kṛt pravṛddho
lokān samāhartum iha pravṛttaḥ |
ṛte’pi tvāṁ na bhaviṣyanti sarve
ye’vasthitāḥ pratyanīkeṣu yodhāḥ || 32 ||
11.33
Therefore rise and win glory! Conquer your enemies and enjoy a prosperous kingdom. They have already been slain by Me; therefore, you should act merely as My instrument, O great Archer!
tasmāt tvam uttiṣṭha yaśo labhasva
jitvā śatrūn bhuṅkṣva rājyaṁ samṛddham |
mayaivaite nihatāḥ pūrvam eva
nimitta-mātraṁ bhava savyasācin || 33 ||
11.34
Droṇa, Bhīṣma, Jayadratha, Karṇa, as well as other mighty warriors, have already been destroyed by Me, therefore, kill them without hesitation. You shall surely defeat your enemies in battle.
droṇaṁ ca bhīṣmaṁ ca jayadrathaṁ ca
karṇaṁ tathā’nyānapi yodhavīrān |
mayā hatāṁs-tvaṁ jahi mā vyathiṣṭhā
yudhyasva jetāsi raṇe sapatnān || 34 ||
VERSE 35-46: ARJUNA IS OVERCOME WITH FEAR
11.35
Sañjaya says:
Having heard the words of Śrī Kṛṣṇa, Arjuna placed his palms together and bowed down. Trembling with fear and awe, he paid his respects and spoke in a choked voice.
sañjaya uvāca
etacchrutvā vacanaṁ keśavasya
kṛtāñjalir vepamānaḥ kirīṭī |
namaskṛtvā bhūya evāha kṛṣṇaṁ
sagadgadaṁ bhītabhītaḥ praṇamya || 35 ||
11.36
Arjuna says:
O Kṛṣṇa, it is right that the world is delighted by You and glorifies You. While the terrified demons flee in all directions, the hosts of perfected beings bow down to You.
arjuna uvāca
sthāne hṛṣīkeśa tava prakīrtyā
jagat prahṛṣyaty-anurajyate ca |
rakṣāṁsi bhītāni diśo dravanti
sarve namasyanti ca siddha-saṅghāḥ || 36 ||
11.37
And why should they not bow down to You, for You are greater than even Brahmā. O Infinite One, Lord of gods, O Abode of the universe! You are the Imperishable Brahman, the manifest and the unmanifest, and that which is beyond both.
kasmācca te na nameran mahātman garīyase brahmaṇo’pyādikartre |
ananta deveśa jagan-nivāsa tvam akṣaraṁ sadasat tatparaṁ yat || 37 ||
11.38
You are the Original Godhead and the most Ancient Person. You are the ultimate support of the universe. You are the Knower and the knowable. You are the supreme goal. This whole universe is pervaded by You, O Lord of infinite forms.
tvam ādidevaḥ puruṣaḥ purāṇas tvam asya viśvasya paraṁ nidhānam |
vettāsi vedyaṁ ca paraṁ ca dhāma tvayā tataṁ viśvam ananta rūpa || 38 ||
11.39
You are Vāyu, Yama, Agni, Varuṇa, the Moon, Prajāpati and the great-grandsire; I bow down to You, I bow down to You a thousand times! Then I still bow down to You!
vāyur-yamo’gnir-varuṇaḥ śaśāṅkaḥ prajāpatis-tvaṁ prapitā-mahaśca |
namo namaste’stu sahasra-kṛtvaḥ punaśca bhūyo’pi namo namaste || 39 ||
11.40
I bow to You from the front and the back! I bow down to You from all directions, since You are everything. O Lord who has unbounded power and limitless might, You pervade all beings and therefore are all that is.
namaḥ purastād atha pṛṣṭhas-te namo’stu te sarvata eva sarva |
ananta-vīryāmita-vikramas-tvaṁ sarvaṁ samāpnoṣi tato’si sarvaḥ || 40 ||
11.41
Either through negligence or affection, I was unaware of Your majesty. Thinking of You as a friend, I spoke rashly and addressed You saying, ‘O Kṛṣṇa, O Yādava, O friend’.
sakheti matvā prasabhaṁ yaduktaṁ he kṛṣṇa he yādava he sakheti |
ajānatā mahimānaṁ tavedaṁ mayā pramādāt praṇayena vāpi || 41 ||
11.42
Whatever disrespect I have shown You, while joking, playing, resting, while we were sitting or eating together, while alone or in the presence of others — I beg Your forgiveness, for You are beyond understanding.
yaccāvahāsārtham asatkṛto ‘si vihāra śayyāsana bhojaneṣu |
eko’thavāpy acyuta tat-samakṣaṁ tat kṣāmaye tvām aham aprameyam || 42 ||
11.43
You are the Father of this world, of all moving and unmoving beings. You are its Teacher and the One most worthy of reverence. There is none equal to You. How then could there be another greater than You in the three realms? Your glory cannot be matched.
pitāsi lokasya carācarasya tvam-asya pūjyaśca gurur garīyān |
na tvat samo’sty abhyadhikaḥ kuto’nyo lokatraye’py apratima-prabhāva || 43 ||
11.44
Therefore, bowing down and prostrating myself, I beg Your pardon, O adorable Lord. Please tolerate me as a father does his son, a friend does his friend, and a lover his beloved.
tasmāt praṇamya praṇidhāya kāyaṁ prasādaye tvām aham īśam īḍyam |
piteva putrasya sakheva sakhyuḥ priyaḥ priyāyārhasi deva soḍhum || 44 ||
11.45
O Lord! I am delighted that I have seen what has never been seen before, but my mind is overwhelmed with anxiety. Be gracious and show me Your other form, O Lord of the gods! Abode of the universe!
adṛṣṭa-pūrvaṁ hṛṣito’smi dṛṣṭvā bhayena ca pravyathitaṁ mano me |
tadeva me darśaya deva rūpaṁ prasīda deveśa jagannivāsa || 45 ||
11.46
I wish to see You wearing a crown, holding a mace and discus in hand. O Viṣṇu! O Thousand-armed one! Show me once more Your four-armed form.
kirīṭinaṁ gadinaṁ cakra-hastam icchāmi tvāṁ draṣṭum ahaṁ tathaiva |
tenaiva rūpeṇa catur-bhujena sahasra-bāho bhava viśvamūrte || 46 ||
VERSES 47-51: THE UNIQUENESS OF THIS COSMIC FORM
11.47
Lord Krishna says:
Arjuna, because of your deep love for Me, your faith, and your kind heart, I have shown you this form, my universal form, the brightest in all the universe.
śrī bhagavān uvāca
mayā prasannena tavārjunedaṁ
rūpaṁ paraṁ darśitam ātma-yogāt |
tejomayaṁ viśvam anantam ādyaṁ
yan me tvad anyena na dṛṣṭa-pūrvam || 47 ||
11.48
Neither through the study of the Vedas, nor by sacrifices, nor by recital of the scriptures, nor by charity, nor by rituals, nor by strict austerities, can I be seen like this by anyone else but you in this material world, O Arjuna!
na vedayajñādhyayanair na dānair
na ca kriyābhir na tapobhir ugraiḥ |
evaṁ rūpaḥ śakya ahaṁ nṛloke
draṣṭuṁ tvad anyena kuru-pravīra || 48 ||
11.49
Do not fear or be confused anymore by looking at this terrifying form of Mine. Let it be finished. Let your anxiety subside and your mind be contented, behold again that other form of Mine.
mā te vyathā mā ca vimūḍha-bhāvo dṛṣṭvā rūpaṁ ghoram īdṛk mama idam |
vyapeta-bhīḥ prīta-manāḥ punas tvaṁ tad eva me rūpam idaṁ prapaśya || 49 ||
11.50
Sañjaya says:
Having spoken in this way to Arjuna, Śrī Kṛṣṇa revealed His four-armed form. That great Being, reassured the frightened Arjuna, and then again Śrī Kṛṣṇa assumed His benign two-handed form.
sañjaya uvāca
ityarjunaṁ vāsuDevas tathoktvā
svakaṁ rūpaṁ darśayāmāsa bhūyaḥ |
āśvāsayāmāsa ca bhītam-enaṁ
bhūtvā punaḥ saumya vapur mahātmā || 50 ||
11.51
Arjuna says:
Seeing this human form of Yours, O Kṛṣṇa, my mind is at peace and I have been restored to my normal state.
arjuna uvāca
dṛṣṭvedaṁ mānuṣaṁ rūpaṁ tava saumyaṁ janārdana |
idānīm asmi saḿvrttaḥ sa cetāḥ prakṛtiṁ gataḥ || 51 ||
VERSES 52-55: THE SUPREMACY OF BHAKTI
11.52
Lord Krishna says:
TIt is extremely difficult to behold this form of Mine which you have seen. Even the gods are ever longing to see it.
śrī bhagavān uvāca
sudurdarśam idaṁ rūpaṁ dṛṣṭavān asi yan mama |
devā apy asya rūpasya nityaṁ darśana-kāṅkṣiṇaḥ || 52 ||
11.53
Not through the Vedas, nor by austerities, nor by charity, nor by the performance of sacrifices, can I be seen in the way You have here.
nāhaṁ vedair na tapasā na dānena na cejyayā |
śakya evaṁ vidho draṣṭuṁ dṛṣṭavān asi yan mama || 53 ||
11.54
Only by single-minded devotion, Arjuna, is it possible to truly know, see and indeed enter into My Abode.
bhaktyā tv-ananyayā śakya aham evaṁ vidho ‘rjuna |
jñātuṁ draṣṭuṁ ca tattvena praveṣṭuṁ ca paraṅtapa || 54 ||
11.55
Whoever serves Me, regards Me as the highest, whoever is devoted to Me, is free from attachment, and shows no malice towards any living being, comes to Me, O Arjuna.
mat karma-kṛn mat-paramo mad-bhaktaḥ saṅga-varjitaḥ |
nivairaḥ sarva bhūteṣu yaḥ sa māmeti pāṇḍava || 55 ||
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